This monograph is the first part of a two-year study of Egyptian Islamism funded by the Smith Richardson Foundation. The study is divided into two parts. The second part examines the internal dynamics of Islamism in terms of the interrelationship among its various constituent currents and their disagreements on key theological and political questions.

Caption
This photograph shows a Dassault Rafale aircraft parked on the tarmac of the French Air and Space Force Luxeuil-Saint-Sauveur Airbase in Saint-Sauveur, France, on March 18, 2025. (Ludovic Marin/AFP via Getty Images)